judgments regarding Preamble & Basic Structure of constitution

 1. Preamble & Basic Structure

1. Preamble / Part III
Shankari Prasad v. Union of India, AIR 1951 SC 458
First challenge to constitutional amendments
Upheld Parliament’s power to amend any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights (pre-Basic Structure).
2. Preamble / Part III
Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1965 SC 845
Amendment of Fundamental Rights
Reaffirmed Shankari Prasad; early articulation that amendments could affect Fundamental Rights.
3. Preamble / Part III
Golaknath v. State of Punjab, AIR 1967 SC 1643
Amending power vs. Fundamental Rights
Held Parliament could not abridge or take away Fundamental Rights (overruled by Kesavananda Bharati).
4. Preamble / Part III
R.C. Cooper v. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 564
Right to property and constitutional validity
Emphasized the importance of property rights (later changed by 44th Amendment).
5. Preamble / Part III
Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC 225
Basic Structure doctrine
Held that Parliament’s power to amend is extensive but cannot
destroy the Constitution’s “basic structure.”
6.
Preamble / Part III
Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, AIR 1975 SC 2299
Election dispute and constitutional amendment
Further entrenched the Basic Structure concept; judicial review is part of the basic structure.
7.
Preamble / Part XVIII
S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1
Federalism & scope of President’s Rule
Federalism is part of Basic Structure; misuse of Art. 356 is subject to judicial scrutiny.
8. Preamble / Part III
Minerva Mills v. Union of India, (1980) 3 SCC 625
Limitations on amending power
Strengthened Basic Structure doctrine; harmony between
Parts III and IV is integral.
9. Preamble / Part III
Waman Rao v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 362
Validation of post-Kesavananda amendments
Upheld constitutional amendments to certain extent but subject to Basic Structure test.
10. Part XI / Judicial Review
L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, (1997) 3 SCC 261
Tribunals and judicial review
Judicial review by High Courts and Supreme Court is part of Basic Structure.
11.Preamble / Part III
M. Nagaraj v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SCC 212
Reservation amendments & Basic Structure
Upheld amendments regarding SC/